共沉淀法合成正极材料LiMnPO4/C

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为碳源,用共沉淀法制备碳包覆磷酸锰锂(LiMnPO4/C).用XRD、SEM及恒流充放电等方法对样品进行了研究.样品具有橄榄石晶体结构,物相较纯,粒径细小且分布均匀,一次颗粒直径约为200nm.以0.05C倍率在2.0～4.5V循环,首次放电比容量为130 mAh/g,库仑效率为80％,循环20次的容量保持率为95％.     

Release of urea from cellulosic hydrogel coated urea granule: Modeling effect of crosslink density and pH triggering

ABSTRACT

Urea granules were coated with CMC-g-cl-PAA hydrogel by in situ spraying and polymerization technique with mean thickness of 0.24 mm. Water absorption capacity of hydrogel coated urea granules varied from 18.67 to 217.33 g/g depending on pH. Urea release was extended due to hydrogel coating and kinetic analysis at different pH (4.0, 7.0 and 9.2) revealed a sigmoid function as best fit model. The coated urea granules showed pH triggered release property with higher rate in alkaline medium and slower in acidic medium. The prepared hydrogel coated urea granules may find its application in integrated water and nutrient management strategies in agriculture.     

Bonding performance of melamine-urea-formaldehyde and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives in interior grade glulam

Wood moisture content (MC) affects the glued laminated beam (glulam) bonding strength. Selected adhesives were Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (PRF) and Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives with 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) formic acid solutions. Douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) from North America was used in the test. The bonding behavior of these adhesives with wood at 12 and 18% MC were investigated. The study focused on the effect of 18% MC on shear strength performance of MUF and PRF adhesives and optimizing the formula of CMC formic acid solution. Compressive shear strength of wood with MUF adhesive with 2% (w/w) formic acid solution at 12 and 18% MC stabilized at 10.6 and 10.0 MPa, respectively, which were 17 and 16% higher than that with PRF adhesive at the same condition. At 12–18% MC, MC had a little effect on bonding strength. However, 18% MC wood with PRF adhesive had 52.2% less initial strength increasing rate than that of 12% MC wood. 18% MC wood with MUF adhesives with 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) CMC formic acid solutions had 16.0, 15.5 and 27.0% less initial strength increasing rates than that of 12% MC wood, respectively. MUF adhesive using 2% CMC formic solution required the shortest press time at 12 and 18% MC about 1.6 and 2.7 h, respectively. The strength of PRF adhesive was significantly affected by wood MC and enough press time is essential for the proper bonding strength.     

New equipment for measurement of the force of adhesion of mucoadhesive films

A better recognition of the properties of materials is of great interest in pharmaceutical technology, and especially in the development of modern solid dosage forms. As an example, a knowledge of the force of adhesion of a mucoadhesive preparation is of considerable importance. The aim of the present study was to develop the calibrated equipment suitable for determination of the force of adhesion and for following the process of film deformation during testing. A new instrument is introduced, and the results are presented.     

可用于包装的纤维素基电磁屏蔽材料研究进展

目的 为推动可用于包装的纤维素基电磁干扰(Electromagnetic Interference,EMI)屏蔽材料更深入的研究,综述一些具有包装材料潜质和EMI屏蔽功能的纤维素基薄膜、织物和气凝胶的最新研究进展。方法 主要介绍纤维素基薄膜、织物和气凝胶等3类EMI屏蔽材料的制备方法、EMI屏蔽性能、多功能性和在包装上应用的潜力。结果 当下纤维素基EMI屏蔽材料表现出令人满意的EMI屏蔽效能(EMI Shielding Effectiveness, EMI SE)和力学性能,有望作为包装材料。同时一些材料还显示出抗菌、隔热、抗冲击等特性,使得这些材料能在复杂的场景下应用。结论 通过合理的设计,纤维素基EMI屏蔽材料可拥有优异的EMI屏蔽性能、出色的力学性能和良好的耐用性。归因于上述优势和绿色可降解的特性,这类材料有望在未来取代传统的EMI屏蔽包装材料,然而这些材料通常需要精细的制备工艺,材料的量产和实际应用依然是亟待解决的问题。     

纤维素微球的研究进展

纤维素微球作为一种天然高分子微球材料,其基质纤维素丰富价廉、可再生降解并具有良好的生物相容性,是材料科学和高分子科学的重要分支。纤维素微球的制备方法主要包括乳化一固化法、喷雾干燥法和凝聚法等,制备过程一般分为溶解、成球和固化三个阶段;纤维素微球可修饰性强,可用作色谱固定相、吸附剂和生物亲和载体等,在环境科学、分离工程和生物医学等领域有重要应用。纤维素微球因其独特的尺寸形态和可控精细结构,将在交叉学科和高端领域有越来越深入的研究和应用。     

新型细菌纤维素基阻醇质子交换膜的制备及表征

以凝胶贴附法,在Nation膜两侧贴附细菌纤维素（BC）膜,制备出BC／Nation／BC夹心复合膜,以期结合Nation膜的良好导电性和BC膜的优秀阻醇性,制备新型阻醇质子交换膜。利用扫描电镜、热重分析对其形态结构和热稳定性进行研究,并对夹心膜的尺寸稳定性、质子传导率和甲醇渗透率进行表征。结果发现,复合膜的夹心结构紧密,热稳定性良好,尺寸稳定性比市售的Nation膜有很大改善,提高了43％。夹心膜的质子传导率随温度的升高明显上升,虽略低于Nation膜,但是甲醇渗透率明显降低一个数量级,阻醇性能得到了很大改善。组装成电池后,单电池开路电压达到922mV,最大发电功率密度为7．2mW／cm^2。该结果表明夹心复合膜作为新型质子交换膜应用于直接甲醇燃料电池中具有很大潜力。     

一种新型还原性球形纤维素吸附剂的制备及表征

以改性球形纤维素吸附剂为载体,通过液相还原法,成功制取还原性球形纤维素吸附剂MSCB-Fe。Fe2+首先负载在改性纤维素吸附剂表面,接着被NaBH4溶液还原成零价铁。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线能谱(EDAX)对MSCB-Fe进行表征,结果表明,液相还原法可成功在MSCB表面制取零价铁。并用MSCB-Fe进行氯仿的降解实验,氯仿的去除率高达84.4%。     

植物纤维组分在聚氨酯中的应用

植物纤维原料及其组分可部分替代多元醇用于聚氨酯的制备中,其中的纤维素、木质素及其衍生物均可在其中作为多元醇组分或者填料。这种多元醇组分既可由纤维素、半纤维素或木质素直接充当,也可以通过液化手段制得。植物生物质基多元醇与异氰酸酯反应可制成聚氨酯;植物纤维原料及其组分作为填料时,可以改善聚氨酯的热稳定性及机械性能。文章综述了植物纤维以及植物纤维组分在聚氨酯中的应用,介绍了液化过程中植物纤维原料、液化试剂、催化剂等的使用方法。     

拟康氏木霉和白腐菌混菌发酵处理稻草秸秆的研究

以拟康氏木霉3.3002(Trichoderma pseudokoningii)和白腐菌5.776(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)的混合菌发酵处理稻草秸秆,并对处理结果进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,当接人拟康氏木霉与白腐菌时间间隔为3 d.接种液体积比为2 ml:2 ml,氮源为0.3%(质量分数)的(NH4)2SO4,发酵时间为8 d时,稻草秸秆纤维索降解率和木质素降解率分别为40.38%和31.52%,比单独使用拟康氏木霉(纤维素和木质素降解率分别为24.62%,13.78%)或白腐菌(纤维素和木质素降解率分别为6.96%,20.06%)处理稻草秸秆的效果有显著提高.